The Great Gatsby Essays (2434 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Dreams The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about the American Dream. In the Great Gatsby, the dream is that one can acquire happiness through wealth and power. To get his happiness Jay attempts to reacquire the love of his lost sweet heart, Daisy. The main problem with Jays dream is that Daisy is all ready married. Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream The pursuit of happiness. Jay Gatsby longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes his adult life trying to recapture it and dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with a young rich girl, Daisy. Daisy and Jay had fallen in love with each other in spite of knowing that they could not marry because of the difference in their social status. For the first time in Jays life he was truly happy. During their courtship, Jay was sent off to war. Upon returning from the war, Jay found out that Daisy had married a wealthy man by the name of Tom Buchannon. Jay then spends his life acquiring wealth to reach her economic standards, in hope that he can marry her and rekindle the happiness that he once had. His love for Daisy was impossible in society because he was at present a penniless young man without a pasthe had no comfortable family standing behind him (156). Gatsby encounters his dream of love at this point of his life. He knew that at that time a relationship of love was impossible with Daisy due to his low social standing. Gatsby became determined to breach that gap between them in order to have a loving relationship with Daisy. He did reach the physical circumstances necessary to love her, but he had focused too much on money and power the previous five years of his life. He wanted his love with Daisy to flourish. Unfortunately, he had lost the ability to love. He no longer possessed moral integrity or the ability to handle a relationship. Society is often broken up into different social groups by their economic status. Those of lower classes believe that their problems will go away if they can gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. Many people believe that the American Dream is this joining of the upper class, and once reaching that point, not having to be concerned about money at all. The logic behind this is that being poor keeps people from being happy, and once you become rich, you do not have to struggle with the problems of life, and can therefore be happy. The Great Gatsby takes this belief, and shows its flaws through the lives of Jay, Tom and Daisy. In fact, all of the characters in the story are affected in some way by the lives of these three characters. Gatsby makes becoming an upper class citizen his priority. The life of the upper class in turn, makes the acquisition of wealth their priority. Wealth becomes Jays vehicle in his quest for his primary goal, Daisy. In Gatsby's rise to power morality is sacrificed in order to attain wealth. While the story does not go into great detail as to how Gatsbys wealth was accumulated, it can easily be seen that his business ventures were shady at best. Gatsby's dream was doomed to failure because of his lack of principles. This shows a major flaw of the American Dream philosophy, just like the get rich quick schemes of today, Jay is trying to buy Daisys love, not earn it. Nick attempts to tell Jay that his dream is pointless by saying that the past cannot be relived. Jay quickly told Nick, Yes you can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream, and his commitment to it. Tom Buchanan, Daisys husband, was a man from an enormously wealthy family. Nick, described Tom's physical attributes as having a hard mouth and a supercilious mannerarrogant eyes had established dominance over his facealways leaning aggressively forwarda cruel bodyhis speaking voiceadded to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed (11). The wealth Tom has inherited causes him to become arrogant and condescending to others. Tom believed that he

marketing key metric engagement Essays

marketing key metric engagement Essays marketing key metric engagement Essay marketing key metric engagement Essay marketing key metric engagement BY pejaol August 8, 2007 Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement by Brian Haven for Marketing Leadership Professionals Making Leaders Successful Every Day For Marketing Leadership Professionals Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement Marketers Must Measure Involvement, Interaction, Intimacy, And Influence by Brian Haven with Josh Bernoff and Sarah Glass EXECUT I VES U M MA RY The marketing funnel is a broken metaphor that overlooks the complexity social media introduces into the buying process. As consumers trust in traditional media diminishes, marketers need a new approach. We propose a new metric, engagement, hat includes four components: involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence. Each of these is built from data collected from online and offline data sources. Using engagement, you get a more holistic appreciation of your customers actions, recognizing that value comes not Just from transactions but also from actions people take to influence others. Once engagement takes hold of marketing, marketing messages will become conversations, and dollars will shift from media buying to customer understanding. TABLE O F CO N TENTS NOTES 2 Does The Marketing Funnel Need An Upgrade? Forrester interviewed 20 vendor and user ompanies, including: Avenue A I Razorfish, Bazaarvoice, Biz360, Brandlntel, BzzAgent, TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony, Digitas, The Builders, MotiveQuest, Nike, Organic, Procter Gamble, Publicis Hal Riney, Reed Business, UGENmedia, Umbria, and Visible Technologies. Engagement: A New Perspective On Marketing The Elements Of Engagement Making Sense Of Engagement Putting It All Together 12 Engagement Enhances Customer Insight WHAT IT MEANS 13 Engagement Redirects The Marketing Trajectory Related Research Documents The Enterprise Marketing Software Landscape May 7, 2007 The Forrester Wave: Brand Monitoring, Q3 2006 september 13, 2006 Five Tips For Web Analytics Success June 2, 2006 2007, Forrester Research, Inc. All rights reserved. Forrester, Forrester Wave, RoleView, Technographics, and Total Economic Impact are trademarks of Forrester Research, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies. Forrester clients may make one attributed copy or slide of each fgure contained herein. Additional reproduction is strictly prohibited. For additional reproduction rights and usage information, go to www. forrester. com. Information is based on best available resources. Opinions reflect Judgment at the time and are subject to change. To purchase reprints of this document, please email [emailprotected] com. 2 Marketings New Key Metric: Engagement DOES THE MARKETING FUNNEL NEED AN UPGRADE? Traditionally, marketers modeled consumers decisions as they progressed from awareness through consideration, preference, action, and loyalty † through what is called the marketing funnel (see Figure 1-1). The marketers Job was to move people from the large end down to the small end. But now its time for a rethink, as the funnel has outlived its usefulness as a metaphor. Face it: Marketers no longer dictate funnel because: Complexity reigns in the middle of the funnel. Awareness is still important; you need to know that a product or service exists in order to buy it. And the marketers endpoint is still a transaction. But, in between, other factors such as recommendations from friends or family, product reviews, and competitive alternatives described by peers influence individuals. The funnels consideration, preference, and action stages ignore these forces that marketers dont control. Rather than a clean linear path, the real process looks more like a complex network of detours, back alleys, alternate entry and exit points, external influences, and alternative resources (see Figure 1-2). ? The most valuable customer isnt necessarily someone who buys a lot. In this socially charged era in which peers influence each other as much as companies do, good customers cant be identified solely by their purchases. l Companies also need to track individuals who influence others to buy. For example, a customer who buys very little from you but always rates and reviews what she buys can be Just as valuable as someone who buys a lot † her reviews might i nfluence 100 other people to buy your product. Tracking only transactions and loyalty at the end of the funnel misses this significant element of influence. Traditional media channels are weakening. Marketers continue to use mainstream media messages to move consumers into a consideration frame of mind. But passive consumption of media is waning. Individuals dismiss or ignore marketing messages in lieu of information available from an ever-increasing number of resources, such as product review sites, message boards, and online video. 2 Consumers force brand transparency. Marketing and public relations teams used to have the influence to spin a message in their favor when something went wrong. But in these days of snoring cable technicians caught sleeping on a customers couch, captured n video, and posted on YouTube or blogs blasting CompUSA for selling an empty box instead of a camera, spin is out of control. 3 Online social tools, coupled with increasing social behavior online, make it easy for the truth to come out. When companies try to spin the message now, they get caught in the act, only making the problem worse. 007, Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited Figure 1 The Traditional Marketing Funnel Fails To Model Complex Buying Paths 1-1 The traditional marketing funnel Eyeballs Awareness Consideration Preference Action Loyalty Buyers 1-2 Complexity lies at the center of the marketing funnel peer eviews Competitive alternatives Contributors Recommendations from friends 42124 User-generated content Source: Forrester Research, Inc. 4 Ma rketing complexity means that traditional metrics fail to capture the whole story. Online metrics like unique visitors to a Web site, number of pages viewed, and time spent per page mimic offline media metrics of reach and frequency. But these measurements dont indicate the engagement of an individual; they fail to capture the sentiment, opinion, and affinity a person has toward a brand as manifested in ratings, reviews, comments in blogs or discussion forums, or likelihood to recommend oa friend. ENGAGEMENT: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON MARKETING If the funnel no longer accurately reflects what marketers can influence, why do they still cling to it? Because they can measure it, which is reassuring, even if it no longer accurately reflects the real buying process. And, of course, there are no useful alternatives. We believe that marketers need a new approach to understanding customers and prospects. This new type of measurement † engagement † encompasses the quantitative metrics of site visits and transactions, the qualitative metrics of brand awareness and loyalty, and the fuzzy areas in the middle best haracterized by social media. Our definition of engagement includes four components (see Figure 2):4 Engagement is the level of involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence an individual has with a brand over time. Figure 2 The Four Components Of Engagement INVOLVEMENT INTERACTION INTIMACY INFLUENCE What To Track Site visits Time spent Pages viewed Search keywords Navigation paths Site logins Contributed comments Quantity/frequency of written reviews, blog comments, forum discussions, and UGC Sentiment tracking on third-party sites (blogs, reviews, forums, etc. Sentiment tracking of internal customer contributions Opinions expressed in customer service calls Net Promoter (NP) score Product/service satisfaction ratings Brand affinity Content forwarded to friends Posts on high-profile blogs ecommerce platforms Social media platforms Brand monitoring Customer service calls Surveys How To Track Web analytics Engagement goes beyond reach and frequency to measure peoples real feelings about b rands. It starts with their own brand relationship and continues as they extend that relationship to other customers. As a customers participation with a brand deepens from site use and purchases (involvement and interaction) to affinity and championing (intimacy and influence), measuring and acting on engagement becomes more critical to understanding customers intentions. The four parts of engagement build on each other to make a holistic picture. Involvement. This component is the most basic measurement of engagement and reflects the measurable aspects of an individuals relationship with a company or brand. It includes actions like visits to a site or a physical store, time spent per page, and ages viewed. While this alone isnt sufficient, measuring these activities is critical because they are often the first point of interaction an individual has with a brand and are the foundation for making the connections to other metrics. 5 For example, Reed Business tracks visitors to its Web sites, the time they spend, the articles they read by category or channel, and pages they view per week (and across other time periods). This helps Reed Business distinguish between first-time and repeat visitors, and informs the company of the depth, frequency, and level of interactions of their isits, helping it determine its content agenda. You can use Web analytics services like Omniture, Web Trends, or Visual Sciences to measure these activities. 6 Interaction. This component provides the depth that involvement alone lacks by measuring events in which individuals contribute content about a brand, request additional information, provide contact information, or purchase a product or service. Where involvement measures touches, interaction measures actions. These include click- throughs, completed transactions, blog comments, social network connections, and uploaded photos and videos. Social media contributions increasingly play a role in calculating the value of a customer and are vital to tracking emerging behaviors. For example, PETCO tracks when customers browse and sort by top-rated items and then buy a product, allowing the company to identify the effect usergenerated content (UGC) has on purchases. You can use ecommerce platforms to provide transaction data, while social media platforms like Bazaarvoice and UGENmedia track actions like ratings and reviews, photos or videos uploaded, or connections made in social networks. entiment an individual holds for a brand. This includes her opinion, perspective, or passion for the brand as represented by the words she uses and the content she creates. Intimacy is the critical new component that sheds light on customers feelings about your brand (positive or negative), and, with new services, it can be tracked almost in real time, providing ample opportunity to correct a problem or seize an opportunity before it wanes . For example, Del Montes pet food division used Umbrias brand monitoring services to track online conversations about how owners perceive their pets, yielding fascinating differences † for example, Gen Yers think of them as 5 6 ccessories, Gen Xers think of them as family and worry about how to fit them into their busy schedule, and Boomers consider them people too. Brand monitoring firms like TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony, MotiveQuest, Biz360, Umbria, and Brandlntel measure sentiment in online venues, including social networks, discussion forums, blogs, and video-sharing sites. Influence. This component looks beyond even sentiment to determine an individuals likelihood to encourage a fellow customer to consider or buy a brand, product, or service. Qualitatively, it includes brand awareness, loyalty, and the possibility of purchasing again. It also includes quantitative metrics like the Net Promoter (NP) score, measuring a persons likelihood to make a recommendation to a frien d. 8 Understanding your customers intention to return, repurchase, or recommend is critical to building a forward-looking profile of your customer. For example, Brandlntel tracked sentiment about the film Snakes On A Plane and TV series Heroes. Eighty percent of the conversation about Snakes On A Plane focused on the hype of the film and Samuel L. Jackson the actor, not his character, while Heroes conversations were all about the characters and the premise of the show. This is why Heroes is a hit and Snakes was a flop; Brandlntels studies show that people arent really engaged unless theyre talking about plot and characters rather than hype and actors. You can measure influence through opt-in surveys, mailed questionnaires, or customer service calls and phone surveys. With a new set of components † involvement, interaction, intimacy, and influence † companies can integrate data from many sources to build the engagement profile, an aggregate description of the types and levels of engagement your customers exhibit. But with all this new data, what metrics matter, and how can you combine them? To understand how engagement affects customer value, consider these three customer scenarios that reflect different customers and how they approach one brand, an online retailer: Charlie: passive participant. Charlies Just not that into you. You see him on your site as an occasional visitor who does not recommend the brand and reads the company blog about gadgets but does not comment. Still, his behaviors on the site liken him to people who tend to have a favorable sentiment about the products theyre researching (see Figure 3). Since Charlie isnt a registered user, youll need to track his ctions on the site (pages viewed, time spent, etc. ) and measure the sentiment of the occasional anonymous content he contributes (comments, discussions, etc. ) as well as the sentiment on the sites and pages that refer him, tracked through browser cookies. In your analysis of engagement of visitors like Charlie, you would match their characteristics to similar users who are registered and, from that, extrapolate their loyalty and likeliness to recommend. Steven: semiactive participant. Steven is ready to be turned on to your brand. He visits the site in bursts surrounding product purchases, has become loyal, and writes highly nfluential reviews of the sports equipment products he buys, even though he feels that the product research tools and information are lacking (see Figure 4). For users like Steven, you should track activities surrounding purchases (before and after) and the time between a transaction and his review of the product. Measure the sentiment of product reviews, the actions taken after reading unfavorable content, and the influence his reviews have on other customers purchasing behaviors. You need to ascertain what motivates him to contribute content and try to encourage more of that ehavior. customers. She is an avid fan of the sites pet accessories, is a highly active visitor who recommends the site to every pet owner she knows, and actively contributes content to the sites online community, even though she sometimes posts negative comments about products after making customer service calls (see Figure 5). For zealots like Sarah, its important to track the quantity and frequency of reviews, profile updates, blog posts, forum discussions, and other content contributions. You should also measure the sentiment of her contributions and use surveys to keep a ulse on her affinity for the brand and intent to continue to participate. For some brands, it would make sense to start a brand ambassador program to draw users like Sarah closer to the company and energize their word-of-mouth. 7 8 Figure 3 Passive Participant PROFILE†CHARLIE Passive participant Reads and views others contribution Only participates on rare occasions Not registered on the site Involvement Interaction Intimacy Influence Text analysis shows that the few comments Charlie makes tend to show favorable sentiment Text analysis of the

The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile - Part II

The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile - Part II In March, I published an article which now turns out to be Part 1  of this series on the disappearing acts LinkedIn has been playing. I covered the Summary section, job descriptions, contact information, the Interests section, e-mail subject lines, saved searches, alumni and other top navigation items, tagging and notes, and LinkedIn group features. Since then, many people have written to me with questions about how to find additional â€Å"lost† features with the new LinkedIn, so I’m publishing Part II! Here are some of the things you might have noticed have changed or gone missing in the new LinkedIn, plus a correction to the first item. 1. Your summary section. Last month I reported that the first 210 characters (including spaces) are visible when you initially view someone’s profile. It turns out there’s a range of characters that might appear, from about 205 to about 230. Everyone’s profile is different, and it’s not exactly clear why. Fewer characters appear on the mobile app than on the desktop app, so make sure you write a great hook in your first 10-15 words! Here’s what my summary looks like on desktop: And here it is on mobile: Test yours and make it look great! And make sure to put a unique selling proposition in your first 10-15 words so you grab attention quickly. 2. Advice for contacting. There used to be an option under your Contact Information section to write a few lines about whom you want to contact/connect with you and why. It no longer exists sorry folks! 3. Creating and viewing secondary language profiles. Several people have written to me to say they can’t figure out how to add a profile in a second language. Don’t worry – the feature is still there! It has just moved. Check out the right-hand column to find the option to â€Å"Create a profile in another language.† Here’s what the screen will look like: And here’s your list of language choices: What HAS disappeared, at least for now, is the ability to view someone’s secondary language profile directly from their primary language profile. As LinkedIn said to me when I asked about this issue, â€Å"The ability to see other members [sic] secondary language profiles has not been fully re-implemented back into the new user interface.† If you happen to know or strongly suspect that someone has a profile in a second language, I encourage you to Google their name with the word â€Å"LinkedIn† – such as â€Å"Juan Ortiz LinkedIn† – to discover all profiles under that name. If they have an uncommon name you will likely find their multiple profiles. If they have a common name, it will be more difficult. You could also write to the person to ask if they can provide the profile URL for their secondary language profile. 4. Saved posts and suggested reading. LinkedIn has talked a big talk about the option to save articles and get suggested reading, but how do you do it? Both of these options are located on the mobile app only. To save articles on your phone, open the article you want to save and click on the ribbon icon in the upper right. Or you may need to click the 3 dots first: The article will automatically save. See the LinkedIn Help article on  saving, retrieving, and deleting articles on Pulse. For feed preferences, click on the gear to the right of your search bar when viewing your profile to reveal an Account tab and a Feed Preferences option under that. Click on the gear to go here: Click on Feed Preferences to get to this screen: Click â€Å"Follow fresh perspectives† and you’ll be able to follow people who post articles on the topics of your choice. 5. â€Å"Trending Storylines.† LinkedIn has been promoting this feature for quite a while, without mentioning that there might not be anything on your desktop or mobile app that actually says â€Å"Trending.† On my desktop app, the section says â€Å"Suggested for you.† Have you seen a screen that says â€Å"Trending†? I’d love to see what that looks like. Please let me know! 6. LinkedIn Groups. I mentioned in my previous article that while LinkedIn Groups are still around, there’s a lot of talk that they might be becoming irrelevant or extinct. What I didn’t cover is how to find them! They are under the catch-all â€Å"Work† tab: 7. Controlling the order of your sections. You can no longer rearrange your major sections like Summary, Experience, Education, Volunteer Experience, etc. So you won’t be able to customize your profile based on which sections are most important in your individual experience. While on the one hand I am sad about this change, I also think it makes things easier for readers who know what to expect to see where. You still have the ability to rearrange positions within your Experience section IF you have more than one current position or two positions that cover the exact same time period. To arrange your positions, hover over the 4-bar icon under the pencil icon and, if you qualify according to the parameters above, you’ll get a plus sign with arrows that you can click on to drag and drop the position you want to move. 8. Profile Strength Meter – and 100% Complete Profiles You’ll be able to see your own strength meter when you’re viewing your own profile, but you can no longer see anyone else’s profile strength. Additionally, there is no longer such thing as a â€Å"100% Complete Profile.† The best you can do is aim for â€Å"All-Star† status, if you’re not already there, by answering the questions LinkedIn presents to you when you log in. Okay, those are the main items that have come up since March. What else did I miss? Please ask any additional questions you may have about the new LinkedIn redesign. I promise to answer them if there are enough to warrant a Part 3!

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Education - Essay Example The first reason why America is the best place to get high education is that there are many universities across the United States that offer quality education to a vast number of students. They spread out to many regions and offer all types of courses that the student can choose from depending on their abilities and interests. Some of the top universities in the world are found in America such as Harvard, Yale, and Oxford Universities. This offers a platform for bright students from all over the world to interact and acquire knowledge of great value from each other. As a result, the students have a chance to choose from the many universities at their disposal. These many universities ensure that every student has the opportunity to further their studies and become the profession of their choice. Depending on their preference and determination, they can enter any type of university they want so that they can learn and be able to practice in their areas of expertise. They get to share ideas and learn from the fellow students who also specialize in the same course. The second reason is that the Universities in America have many facilities that the students can use. These include laboratories, libraries and sports fields, which are available to all students who need to use them. The students are taught in these facilities and at their own time utilize them to advance their learning. They have a chance to perform research, make discoveries, and prove theories that they have been learning about. They also have qualified teachers from whom they can ask questions, confirm answers, and ensure they get high-quality education. These results from the students show that they are able to learn different skills besides what they study in the classroom. The research done in the libraries and laboratories improves the ability of the students to be creative and innovative.

Construction Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Construction Industry - Essay Example The second part focuses on the construction industry in Britain and its problem of skill shortage. The last section, using a report by international project and cost managers, Gardiner and Theobald titled, 'London Wins 2012 Olympic Gamesbut Don't Panic.' illustrates why the British construction industry can meet the Olympics challenge (The report can be viewed at the Gardiner and Theobald Website at http://www.gardiner.com/NewsSystem/newstext/Olympics2.pdf) London will be the host city for the 2012 Olympic games. The games will be held in 33 venues across London and the UK. Construction work is complete in just 18 venues. The rest have to be built from scratch or will require major renovation prior to the Olympics .The centerpiece of the games will be the Olympic park in London. According to the Chartered Institute of Builders (CIOB) Position Statement on the London Olympics 2012, the Construction Products Association estimates that the Olympics will generate 10bn of investment in Britain, 2.5bn of which will be construction related. The CIOB statement also states that Consultancy Deloitte estimates about 12,000 jobs will be created in the construction sector. (The CIOB position statement can be viewed at http://194.217.225.164/media/CIOB-PS-LondonOlympics2012.pdf) The Department of Education and Skills has said that the construction industry needs around 88,000 new entrants every year in craft, technical, professional and management roles. In a press notice, it has stated that according to the National Employer Skills Survey (NESS) 2004, there are over 32,000 vacancies in the industry, 13,700 of which are skill shortage vacancies. In order to develop construction skills for major projects associated with the Olympics, a National Skills Academy has been set up. (The press release can be viewed at the Department of Education and Skills website at http://www.dfes.gov.uk/pns/DisplayPN.cgipn_id=2005_0129) According to a survey conducted by the CIOB, 89% of respondents felt there was a shortage of training placements in Britain. They felt that one of the prime causes for the construction skills shortage was the poor image of the industry, which was competing with several newer and more attractive industries. Besides these, they felt that certain policies pertaining to new-entrants also resulted in skill shortages. (The CIOB press release on skills shortage survey can be viewed at http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/releaseid=151701) The construction industry often reflects the economy itself. Just like the economy, the construction industry too goes through phases of robust growth, stagnation and even depression. During a lackluster period, skilled workers become redundant and are often forced to seek employment elsewhere or even switch professions. However, when the industry starts to look up, there is again a need for trained people, thus leading to a skill shortage. The Huntsman Associates report titled 'Staffing the Construction Industry in the North East' discusses the nature of the construction industry and the availability of skilled professionals in Britain, especially in the northeast region. This report emphasises on factoring this boom/bust nature of the industry while recruiting

Mark Antony Essay Example for Free

Mark Antony Essay In Act III Scene 13, Antony receives the news that Cleopatras request has been granted, and his ignored. He sends an ambassador to propose a duel between himself and Caesar. Then Caesars ambassador comes in, and as he is kissing Cleopatras hand, Antony walks in. He orders for the ambassador, Thidias, to be whipped, inviting Caesar to do the same to his own ambassador. He then shouts angrily at Cleopatra; not only because of Thidias, but also because she was the reason he left the naval battle. After Cleopatra has satisfied Antony with her responses. He then resolves to fight Caesar, and behaves as he did in Julius Caesar, a brave warrior; Shakespeare here shows that Antony has returned to his former self, or at least a close approximation to the attitude displayed in Julius Caesar. In the opening of the scene, Shakespeare presents Antony in a very negative light; Enobarbus says that Antonys captainship, his competence as a captain, has been nicked by his infatuation with Cleopatra: The itch of his affection should not then/ Have nicked his captainship. Shakespeares word choice makes this a particularly demeaning comment; the fact that Antonys love for Cleopatra is reduced to an itch here shows that Enobarbus clearly does not think very highly of Antonys affection, as it is a very diminuting adjective. Also, it is clear that Enobarbus disapproves of Antonys priorities, as he speaks with conviction against it; he uses a model verb to voice his opinion; should not then. This is indicative of just how strongly Enobarbus feels about Antonys pursuit of Cleopatra. The way that Enobarbus brings up the idea that affection nicked his [Antonys] captainship presents Antony as a character who is far from level-headed; to lose captainship at such a vital time would have been unthinkable in Roman times, with honour and valour being key traits; it was seen as a sign of nobility for one, rather than retreat or be captured, to commit suicide, fall on his sword. A sword duel is the first thing Antony wishes to propose to Caesar, which presents him in a different light. On the one hand, it can be seen as a brave and noble thing to do. However, it is unrealistic to expect Caesar to accept, and is a very foolhardy, unprofessional stance to take. Antony says he wants Caesar to answer him sword against sword,/ Ourselves [themselves] alone, which seems more of a dramatic gesture than a genuine battle tactic. Shakespeare may here have wanted to present Antony as a desperate, irrational character at this point; in context, this seems to bewhat Antony is doing, and the speed with which he resolves to offer a dual shows that he hasnt considered it at all; it appears he wants to think and act fast just for the sake of it, rather than making precise tactical decisions. Therefore, it becomes clear that Shakespeare is presenting Antony as a foolhardy character; although one may take the view that this promise of action is better than no action at all, this is ultimately what it amounts to anyway; Antony should know full well that Caesar, who is not a front-line soldier, would never agree to such a proposal. Enobarbus, who throughout this scene is pessimistic about Antonys actions, is used by Shakespeare to present the negative side of Antony. This provides the audience with several opinions, allowing them to ultimately decide whether or not Antony is being completely imprudent, or merely headstrong. When Enobarbus says Caesar, the hast subdued/ His judgement too, he is presenting Antonys proposal as the brash, unrealistic action it really is. The word subdued shows that Enobarbus believes that Caesars action have constrained Antony, and got him completely under wraps. Also, the way Shakespeare chooses the word too shows that Enobarbus believes that Caesar already has Antony subdued politically or militarily. This negative outlook presents Antonys political and military situation as a dire one.

Anglo Saxon Scops :: English Literature Writing

Anglo Saxon Scops The written word has existed for thousands of years, with the style and subject matter of literature changing to fit the times. English literature is no different, with three distinct periods of writing (Old English, Middle English and modern English). As the earliest period of documented literature, the Old English period is marked by the primitive styles and language of the Anglo Saxon people. Though they were sea-faring warriors, the Anglo Saxons were capable of strong emotions, best captured in poetry. However, these works were not written down. Rather, they were recited or sung. Some men even devoted their lives to this purpose. These skilled minstrels were known as scops. The scop was an Anglo-Saxon poet who was commissioned by the early Germanic kings or soldiers to entertain them by reciting the poetry to the accompaniment of a harp or a similarly stringed instrument. From the Old English word â€Å"scieppan†, scop means to create, form or shape. The scop was also referred to as a gleeman, from the Old English word â€Å"gleoman†, who was a musician or performer. Though the scop was a performer, like the gleeman, the work of the scop was more artistic, as the name denotes. Unlike the gleeman, scops also wrote and performed their own poetry. Also, they had to be able to insert fitting verse where necessary, depending upon the occasion or celebration . Scops were known to travel from village to village; however, many had permanent posts in the king’s court or mead halls. Usually, they performed for great feasts, celebrations, or the homecoming of soldiers from war. Their performances were usually short, but there were usually many lines of verse. Beowulf itself is over 3000 lines long. Any given song could deal with events from the present, such as battles won or recent adventures had. In Beowulf, the scop announced Beowulf’s triumph over Grendel the morning after the deed. Some songs might deal with figures from the past like the ancestors of the Anglo Saxons. Other subjects reflected in the poetry include the sea, brave deeds, glory of warriors, and the love of home. Scops were also commissioned to write elegies or songs for the dead. It was considered an honor to have a scop sing one's praise or mourn one’s death. But, regardless of the subject matter, the theme was lofty and its tone was earnest.

Presence of Illuminati Through Ideologies Essay

Final Draft: Presence of Illuminati through Ideologies The term â€Å"Illuminati† has been frequently used by historians in the past millennium to name secretive groups that existed and operated during the past few centuries. One of the more important secretive groups and the most famous Illuminati group until date were known as the Bavarian Illuminati although today it is simply known as â€Å"The Illuminati†. According to a source, it was founded in 1776 by a group of intellectual, European-based scientists, also known as freethinkers, during the Enlightenment era as a result of demoralization by religious factions of their belief that scientific ideologies could exist side-by-side with different religious teachings (â€Å"Illuminati†, n. d. ). Of the religious factions that somewhat stood against science, the Vatican City’s Catholic Church is thought to have continuously oppressed advances in the scientific field by these European-based scientists and hence contributed largely in the formation of an Illuminati fraternity whose members solely believed in scientific logic. Barkun (2003) believes the Illuminati existed for a small period in time, roughly eleven years, before being brought down due to infiltration among themselves by the Bavarian government in the year 1787. Yet, because of the secrecy and infiltration among regional governments the Illuminati were known for, many people believed and still believe in their rather peak period after their supposed downfall. Illuminati ideologies like science over religion and total world control on upper hierarchy by single entity unknowingly being part of our systems can result in too much authority to the group that no longer includes only scientists but also highly powerful people. According to Stone (2004), present day influential bankers, industrialists(-1-) nd statesman situated in the Western Europe and North American regions follow Illuminati ideologies that affect most of the other countries in the world excluding very few Islamic countries and China who have been able to only just resist the influence. Many theories have come up stating that the Illuminati was able to gradually infiltrate the higher levels of Free Masons, another secrecy group, whose lower hierarchy was and is popular with the pu blic, perhaps to gain some sort of insulation. In fact, it can be noticed in western-based education systems in the world today where science and scientific logic is more often than not given more importance than different religious perspectives. Opponents of this point argue that religion in general is understood and practiced by a very large number people side-by side with scientific studies and logic. These people deem scientific logic as still very young in comparison to religious logic and that science has ever since been changing not only in terms of developing new things but also in terms of modifying old findings while religion does not seem to go against itself. Although it is true that religion is practiced by a very large number of people, the fact that it is not promoted enough in educational institutes influenced by western-based education (-2-) systems in comparison to science today shows how the ideology of science over religion has slowly sneaked into the education sector itself. It can be seen that in places where science and western-based education systems are flourishing, a lot of people tend to look at everything based on the scientific logic and are gradually deviating from religious teachings that are mostly only inherited from parents today without them really knowing about it. Stone (2004) had once said in one of his articles that through control of institutes of higher studies, the western primary, secondary and tertiary education systems will be influenced by the authority of science. According to another writer known as Bradshaw, David Tappan, a professor of Divinity at Harvard, had once warned the college’s students of the extent of influence Illuminati agents had in the newly created United States of America (2003). Tappan had also talked about how one of the main aims of these influential people was to gain total control over the direction of education in the States. We can see in our small history how education of any type or in any field has played a very important role in the world when it comes to developing peoples’ minds and somewhat molding their way of thinking. Add to this the main idea of the article â€Å"Rising above the Storm: Science Education in the 21st Century,† that increase in science education is the key for the future of the U. S. economy and that the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) should work to increase promotion of science in western-based education systems (n. d. ) and we can see how influence of science over religion is greater than ever through these education systems that are already science-based increasing the likeliness of Illuminati presence. Another Illuminatist ideology is that of infiltration among governments. Opponents of this ideology believe that the representatives of the Illuminati are merely highly publicized for(-3-) nfiltration among many North American and Western Europe governments and gain of power to affect world decisions perhaps due to the Illuminati’s background of successful infiltrations among many governments in the past. They use the point that we live in a world of many strong democratic nations with some nations still continuing to be under sovereign rule today to argue that it is highly unlikely that the Illuminatists are able to infiltrate governmen ts today. They also argue that even if they somehow manage to do so, they will not be able to influence any final decision-making due to the fact that so many government policies and rules are in place in each country to facilitate decision-making and that it seems far-fetched to think that such strong governments not only have been infiltrated by a few people but also have lost too much authority or power in making important decisions among each of the nations. With so many nations becoming democratic, we can see how easy it has become for Illuminatists to infiltrate other governments through the spread of democratic policies and get closer to achieving enough power to affect the entire world’s decisions making the likely or eventual existence of the Illuminati a possibility indeed. Examples of a few events that were against the beliefs of many democratic nations but yet took place are the forceful formation of the Jewish nation of Israel and the creation of region-based trading blocs’ side-by-side with promotion of free trade. Creation of a region-based trading bloc binds its regional country members into some sort of a single empire or one country and affects in the sense that it causes sudden changes to the way people in individual countries used to work and trade with other regional and non-regional countries. A third Illuminatist ideology is that of collecting real or natural wealth through the private banking sector. Banking is not something new but the ways banks function has always been changing in the course of our history. Private interest-rate banking was also another centuries old development but became increasingly popular among the general public from the late 18th century as a mode of safely storing and easily trading accumulated natural wealth such as gold and rare metals through paper receipts commonly known to us today as money or(-5-) currency. These receipts, initially basically used to replace unnecessary physical transactions of gold and metals, are now looked upon as a symbol of wealth. Since this operational system of storing real wealth and giving out receipts allows for easy movement and calculation of wealth which in turn results in quicker bank-related transactions, private banking is thought to have played a huge role role in economic development of many nations. From the average individual bank user to the big businesses and bankers themselves comprises a large group of ardent supporters of private banking and they undoubtedly argue in favor of private interest-rate banking. Their point of argument is based on the basic idea that private banking is the competitive and essential sector of banking where private firms compete against each other with the main aim of making huge profits and so it is very difficult if not impossible for followers of Illuminati ideology of natural wealth collection to use private interest-rate banking to their advantage and affect world economies. There is no doubt that wealth transfer has been made easy through banking but this has happened at the replacement of natural reserves of gold, oil and land with paper and electronic money/currency for economic transactions. All Illuminati ideologies lead to the main aim of gradual formation of a single entity, more commonly known as â€Å"New World Order† (NWO), by controlling positions in the upper hierarchy of each country’s ruling body through the spread of organizations in support of democratic policies, the removal of sovereignty and the creation of international organizations such as United Nations and hence affecting the individual people negatively.

Drama; the Crucible and Vinegar Tom

Introduction Vinegar Tom was written by Caryl Churchill, a feminist, in 1976 but set in the 17th Century. The play was inspired by the women’s rights act of 1970, and the discrimination of women. The title comes from the name of a horrible creature which is supposed to be a witch’s familiar. It is about how four naive and innocent women’s lives are affected throughout the Salem witch-hunts. Modernised song, dance and rhythm are used to combine the horror of the past and attitudes which have carried on to our world today. The plot includes lots of witchcraft and demonstrates clear discrimination of women at that time, outlining society’s rejection of people who have differences. Vinegar Tom was influenced by Bertolt Brecht, Churchill, like Brecht wanted people to think about what they had saw, instead of just engrossing themselves in an entertaining play, she wanted them to act on their decisions of the play, and not getting too emotionally involved with plot or characters. She does this by using epic theatre, so the audience thinks about what is happening, not what is going to happen, plus the use of non- realistic songs to break tension and add political comment. The play is relevant to today’s audience as it looks at how prejudice against women is still occurring. The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller in 1953 and set in 1692, based on the actual events which led to the Salem Witch Trials, leading to the deaths of over 150 people accused of witchcraft. The play was in response to McCarthyism: where a committee in America grew fearful that the communism would destroy the capitalist American way of life. They made witnesses come to answer charges that they were a communist and give names of other communists; Miller was made to appear before the committee. This was called McCarthyism; Senator McCarthy making the US government get rid of communists; mirrored in the play where women were accused because of unknown causes to bad events, they were then forced to name other ‘witches’, Adding to this Miller’s failed marriage with Monroe was partly because of his guilt and confusion from his previous marriage. This is represented in The Crucible, by Proctor having an affair with Abigail, behind his wife Elizabeth’s back. It all escalates, eventually Proctor is in court arguing his innocence, when he says, ‘I have three children – how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my friends? ’ I think this is how Miller felt when in front of the committee, now expressing himself through Proctor. These events helped Miller connect with the witchcraft trials two centuries before in Salem, influencing him to write ‘The Crucible’. The story is about young girls who after dancing in the woods get accused of witchcraft, Reverend Parris, both father of one girl and uncle of another, calls an expert who agrees that the girls’ strange behaviour is the devil’s work. This leads the girls to accusing others and being scapegoats for the problems in the community. The religious court does not rest until it discovers who the cause of all the evil is. The crucible is relevant to today’s audience as it looks at betrayal and how gossip can have devastating effects. The play is influenced by Konstantin Stanislavski, because Miller wanted the play to be naturalistic to reflect the real story. Stanislavski is primarily known for Realism, where he bases his methods on personal experiences, using ‘emotion memory’, getting actors to this of their own experiences to embrace an emotion, making the performance as close to real life as it can get. Also using ‘Given circumstances’, where actors are aware of the facts about the character, not only in the script but the social, historical and political facts. Plus Stanislavski influenced Miller to use realistic sets, keeping everything as realistic as possible. Social Cultural Historical Political The Crucible was based on puritan people in Salem 1692. Their society was theocratic, where God was the states civil ruler. The tragedy all began from a combination of economic conditions, jealousies and teenage boredom. Adding to this, not far away there was an Indian war, which guided the community to believe the devil was around. There were lots of possible causes for the witch hunts in Salem, first the religious society strongly believed in Satan and how he had people performing witchcraft for him; believing you can tell which people are witches by certain symptoms. Plus, because Salem was having so many problems, it appeared likely that the devil was at work; smallpox, Indian war. Secondly, teenagers had little freedom; working on the land and focusing on religion. Adding to this, old feuds and ideas of revenge arose. People saw witch hunting as a possible way of sorting out enemies, and gaining land and arguments over land ownership (most of the accused where financially better off) was a major contributor to who lived and died. Miller uses this to add context to the play, he mirrors the hysteria in Salem to the fear of being accused of communism in the U. S. The Crucible is accurate to what went on in Salem 1692, but he changed some details to make it more accessible and relevant to today’s audiences; Abigail in truth was 14, but Miller thought this would distract away from the main plot, because it is socially unacceptable today for a man and 14 year old to have a sexual relationship, so he changed her age to 17; making the affair more realistic as Proctors life is supposed to make him look like a tragic hero A Contempory audience can relate to the play in the sense that everyone has been betrayed, or felt victimized at some point in their life, which helps the play have meaning and importance to the audience. Scenes which happened years ago, can still be reflected, one way or another, in today’s society. Similarly, Vinegar Tom links the ideology of witch hunts and hysteria and power with her feminist theme, about women’s sexuality, based around the 17th Century major English witch hunts and social changes. Churchill noticed how the poor have always suffered, and how silly the witches’ offences were. She wanted to write a play about witches with no witches in it, showing the prejudice against women and the humiliation they endured, about poverty humiliation and prejudice, how women accused of being witches saw themselves. The audience can also relate to Vinegar Tom, thinking about prejudices today, and how we can prevent them. Especially because she is a feminist writer, we think about the meaning of some of the prejudices we hold, and how women are treated back then and today, because there are still arguments today about women being equal to men, in religion and general society. In both plays, Salem warns us to improve how we judge people, and to rethink our prejudices. The crucible is strongly influenced by Stanislavski. Stanislavski was a realist who wanted performances to be as natural as possible. He founded the Moscow Art Theatre. His philosophy was that actors should be true to their given circumstances of the character -conveying internal thoughts and feelings. We did this by thinking about our past experiences, when we have felt jealous, alienated, or scared, this makes performance more authentic when we had to embrace these emotions. Plus, Stanislavski wanted believable acting, without exaggerating. Stanislavski also encouraged trial and error, so we kept practicing until we found appropriate emotion memories which stimulated the best response from the actor for the scene. Another way to create realistic acting was to put you in the circumstances as the actor; ‘given circumstances’. Using your imagination- you are the character you’re playing, as most actors haven’t actually experienced what their character has, so Stanislavski technique, the ‘magic if’ puts yourself in the situation. Circle of Attention’, another Stanislavski technique, the area of focus an actor should hold, without getting distracted, because if you become distracted, performance could look artificial. We used these techniques in workshops: ‘Given Circumstances’, making sure we were aware of the story properly, then thinking about how it must feel for everyone you knew to want you dea d, like the accused must have felt. Then putting this emotion into performance. ProctorDo you look for a whipping? AbigailI look for John Proctor that took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! You loved me, John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! In a workshop, we focused on Act 1, where Abigail and Proctor are discussing their relationship. First, I played Abigail in the above section; I portrayed her to be very frustrated. Then before I tried again, I thought about how Abigail must feel, a young girl who has unrequited love for Proctor, seeing him still stand by his wife, I would feel jealous and angry, frustrated that he can’t see how we should be together. My parents were murdered in front of me when I was a young child, and I have never felt love since, so Proctors love I cannot loose! My heart would be breaking. When I applied this new feeling to my performance, it became for realistic and emotionally powerful showing my devastation and heart ache as well as frustration, making me more vocally aware. This gave me insight to how Abigail feels and helped me to characterize her. Secondly, we imagined Elizabeth being a ‘fly-on-the-wall’. What her thoughts would be watching: shocked but almost pleased that Proctor is rejecting Abigail, and then we imagined Abigail’s thoughts in Act 4, when Proctor is in the cell talking to Elizabeth. This gave us real insight to link the characters objective and the motivation for their activities. Additionally, realistic sets would be used in the crucible to add a sense of truth, realistic like Stanislavski idea. Moscow Art Theatres’ philosophy was to make theatre a central concern. Vinegar Tom is written with influences from Brecht. Brecht studied Marxism, the political philosophy which analyses capitalism and a theory of social change; which links to how Churchill focused the play around feminism and social change. He wanted theatre to provoke thought, the audience to make decisions on what they saw, instead of apathy. Brecht wanted the audience to be entertained without getting too emotionally involved. He did this by keeping things minimal- sets and costumes, using narrators to tell the audience what is going to happen, multi-character, montage scenes, epic theatre, songs to break tension and letting the audience remember they are watching actor’s not actual characters. Plus Churchill includes songs, which is a music influence from Brecht, entertaining songs to break tension, but with serious ideas behind them. In a workshop we explored scene fourteen: We decided to use epic theatre to exaggerate the alternation between characters and to make more amusing. In my pair, we decided to start off at the back of the stage and move forward at each line, acting what we said. Margery: ‘struck me in the head’ – jack literally strikes her in the head. Adding comedy and exaggeration, distancing the audience but keeping them connected to the themes. Plus we used minimal props to symbolize set. This kept the audience entertained still, but reminded them they were watching actors in a play. Characterization/ Interpretation: We each chose a character from The Crucible and selected some speech for them. Then we had to create a freeze frame stance and say their lines, the rest of the class then debated who we were: Parris’the devil lives on such confidences, without confidences there could be no conspiracy, your honor! ’ I stood in this position, non verbally portraying myself to be Parris –>> Leaning forward, as Parris leans towards destruction, with hand gestures, palms up almost in prayer, to show Parris’s religious side, showing my eagerness to persuade/ make a point about Proctors life and that devils don’t exist. Plus making eye contact with the person whom he’s talking too. Facially, I looked concerned but angry/frustrated. Vocally I sounded confident, sure of myself, Parris’s power, he feels guilty that he helped to create the appearance of witch craft so the first clause I said calmly and quiet, but then gained pace and volume. This had a powerful impact, showing Parris’s confidence and regret. Vinegar Tom we characterized Ellen in Scene Nine by trying her with different personalities, then deciding which one fit best. The three ideas we came up with were: †¢ Old lady – fragile, soft voice, quiet but firm, glasses, squinty eyes. †¢ ‘Hippy’ – Stood tall, confident, happy young voice, feminine, talked faster. ‘Witch’ – Hunched back, croaky voice, stutter, open-aware eyes, slow creepy voice. We decided the old lady worked best, as it made her look wise and knowledgeable but without making her look evil. The hippy looked to young and felt to naive for the character. Next we thought of the circumstances for Alice, she is young, single, her mother is an alcoholic- Joan, who Alice cares for. She wants to go and see the witch trials in London, ironically, as she gets hung in the end. Susan thinks Alice always talks about men. She doesn’t say she is lonely, but I think she wants a man to love her, for companionship. I like the use of language in Scene twenty-two Vinegar Tom, the alternation between Sprenger and Kramer, Brecht’s Epic Theatre to reduce tension, making it comical but at the same time keeping us involved with the story and facts about what is going on. Both characters say approximate equal amounts. Scene Twenty-One Sprenger: He’s Kramer. Kramer: He’s Sprenger. Kramer/ Sprenger: Professors of Theology Kramer: Delegated by letters apostolic Sprenger: (here’s a toast, non-alcoholic) Kramer: Inquisitors of heretical pravities Sprenger: we must fill those moral cavities Kramer: so we’ve written a book Sprenger: Malleus Maleficarum Kramer: The Hammer of Witches Sprenger: It works like a charm Kramer: to discover witches Sprenger: and torture no hitches. Kramer: Why is a greater number of witches found in the fragile feminine sex to men? Sprenger: Why is a greater number of witches found in the fragile feminine sex to men? Kramer: ‘All wickedness is but little to the wickedness of a woman. ’ Ecclesiastes. Non verbal Communication/ Interpreation: gesture, facial expression, movement, mime, freeze frames, physical theatre We watched the beginning of The Crucible, a film, the director elected to show the children going to the woods to dance. We thought this gave too much away too soon, so began thinking of other ways to begin the play and develop the appropriate atmosphere. We decided to experiment by doing a selection of still images about the ideas in the play; this is a Brecht idea, letting the audience know more before they have watched the play, but we wanted to set the scene with an original impact. We needed to communicate non-verbally, considering facial expression, gesture and levels. The tableau we did was the cross on the floor (physical theatre to create cross) with characters on blocks looking down at it; symbolizing the corruption of religion on the Salem society. Secondly we had all the characters on stage pointing at each other, at different levels, on chairs, floor etc; representing blame and rumours. Finally, there was a abstract image of a dance, with Elizabeth looking at Abigail and Proctor dancing, showing the juxtaposition of the innocent dancing girls on the final impact of the affair. I would include these images before the play to give the audience a taster of what is to come, to grab their interest and make them think about what they could mean. We used physical theatre in an exercise for Vinegar Tom, using our bodies as the set and props. For example, for scene 1, on the roadside, a few of us stood back to back with arms out; we were a sign post, and others used levels to create plants as it was a rural area. Visual/ Spatial We considered a few types of staging for Vinegar Tom and the crucible; in-the-round, Proscenium Arch and thrust. In-the-round staging wouldn’t fit with Brecht’s ideas as it is too realistic and the audience would feel really involved for Vinegar Tom. Plus, it would be difficult for the action to engage everyone in the audience, as there would always be a section which couldn’t see. I don’t think this would be best suited as it involves the audience too much. Alternatively, it would be good for The Crucible as it involves audience and creates an interesting, realistic atmosphere. But I think it would get too complicated when lots of characters are on stage; too busy to see clearly. Thrust staging like in-the-round, is intimate, and can still have blind spots. Although it can have more props and is easier to perform without blocking views too badly. Again, I don’t think this would suit Vinegar Tom s it would include the audience too much, but it would suit my interpretation of The Crucible as it IS intimate with the audience and includes realistic, props and staging. Throughout The Crucible there is a variety of locations, so it is difficult to choose a stage, particularly Act 3, The ‘Bird’ Scene because all characters are important to see, this is why I chose Thrust Staging, personal and realistic, and more room to see more action. If I were to direct this scene, I would have it diagonally, so action can be scene by all 3 sides. First, I would have Hale higher up then the other characters, this gives him authority. Abigail and Proctor are spaced so Abigail can be seen looking over at Proctor, as well as Elizabeth. The relationship between all three characters on stage is a triangle, like the love triangle they used to be in. ADD CELL SCENE LAYOUT? SOUNDS Proscenium Arch distances the audience from the drama, this links with how Brecht wanted the audience to remember they are watching a play. Plus the actors can address the audience directly, another idea of Brecht. Plus the simple set can be moved around easily. This is the stage I would choose for Vinegar Tom. Scene Nineteen JOAN and Ellen are hanged while MARGERY prays. MARGERY: Dear God, thank you for saving us. Let us live safe now. I have scrubbed the dairy out. You have shown your power in destroying the wicked, and you show it in blessing the good. You have helped me in my struggle against the witches, help me in my daily struggle. Help me work harder and our good harvests will be to your glory. Bless Miss Betty’s marriage and let her live happy. Bless Jack and keep him safe from evil and let him love me nd give us the land, ahem. [pic] AUDIENCE If I was to do this scene, on a proscenium arch, I would have Margery in the foreground and the girls in the background. This keeps attention on Margery, but the audience can relate her monologue to the hangings, putting it in context. After ‘glory’, I would have a pause, then the hanging. As the girls step down from the block (as they ‘hang’) I would have Marg ery go down on to her knees for prayer, ‘Bless†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This simultaneous change of levels would draw the audience in, thinking about how Margery’s prayer and the hangings are related. Ellen and Joan’s backs would be to the audience so that their hangings are more symbolic then emotional. I think Vinegar Tom could be modernized, and the actors could wear modern everyday clothes, this is a Brecht technique, reminding the audience they are actors. I think The Crucible can’t be modernized, it is the history of 1692, so characters would be wearing clothing (picture) from that period of time, using the slang and dialect from that period. ———————– The book title is violent. ‘Hammer’ is a destructive word, like the destruction of witches. Non-alcoholic makes them sound innocent and good, which is the contrast to their ideas and book on witches. Academic lexis, implying they are knowledgeable; so their book will be truthful and correct. The repetition emphasizes the fact that most witches are female. Informal introduction, comical stand up style, introducing each other. Scene twenty-one is like an Aside, a speech to the audience, but in the style of a comical stand up or advert. They alternate lines to add interest and capture people’s attention. Rhyme for comic effect, combining Kramer and Sprenger as one person. Reference to philosopher suggests wisdom. [pic] [pic] [pic]

socialized medicine essays

socialized medicine essays Socialized medicine is a service owned by all citizens and is present in many countries. How does it work and what does it do for a nations economy? One of the biggest fears most people have is becoming sick or injured, and the problem for them is paying for it. Under socialized medicine people would receive health care, regardless of their ability to pay. Everyone would be taken care of without worry of how they would pay for their care. The World Health Organization, part of the United Nations, says that, health care is a fundamental human right. The benefit of national health care would be potential for people to live longer lives. Costs would be driven down because doctors, nurses, and other health care providers would become civil servants. Another benefit would be that malpractice suits would decline, because it is very difficult to take legal action against the government (Carol 1994). Economics is the biggest factor in whether socialized medicine is good or bad for a nations economy. The United States, to a point, has socialized medicine with Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration Federal medicine, and health departments. The National Center for Public Policy Research said that, In 1990 the government shared 42 percent of the health and gained over 50 percent of health care in 1992 as expenses begin to rise. In 1993 health care expenditures consumed 13.9 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and 15.6 percent in 1995 according to the Heritage Foundation. Typically, people mistakenly blame rising costs on drug manufacturers, insurance companies, physicians, and hospitals. But the rapid growth in medical expenses is rising due to the rise in medical services needed (Oatman 11-34). As the government attempts to establish health care, hospitals are being overburdened with minor and unnecessary uses of health care services. These have caused emergency rooms to be f...

How to properly read a job posting so you dont apply to a terrible job

How to properly read a job posting so you dont apply to a terrible job When you’re on the job hunt, it’s almost like you need to become fluent in a new language. You need to look at a job description and figure out if it fits your experience and then whether applying for the job is even worth your time. You need to know what common phrases like â€Å"competitive salary,† â€Å"flexible,† and â€Å"growth opportunity† are really telling you about this company and this job, and how to adapt your resume to fit what it requires. But while you’ll certainly face a lot of jargon when searching for a new position, once you understand how to decipher any job posting you come across you’ll save a lot of time and energy.Anatomy of a job postingJob postings are often written like news articles: the most important information is presented right up front, with the extra supporting information down toward the bottom. First, let’s look at the straightforward parts of a standard job ad.The job title: This is basica lly the headline. It’s what you see in an email subject line or on the search results screen. It’s what grabs your attention first and sets the expectations for the rest of the post. Some job title lines will offer the company name or other (succinct) details like the experience level, but many will just be the job itself.Executive Assistant at Fortune 500 CompanyData Management ClerkLevel II Auror at the Ministry of MagicResponsibilities/description: This is where the narrative kicks in. This is usually a brief paragraph or series of bullet points outlining the highlights of the job. It’s not typically comprehensive, but provides a high-level summary of what the job is.Meet aggressive sales goalsProduce 5–10 newsletters per yearGenerate monthly sales reportsQualifications: This is where you kick in. The company has outlined what job they’re filling and what that role does, but now it shifts the focus to you: do you have what they’re seeking ? This is typically a section of bullet points outlining what the company’s ideal candidate for this position would already have.Associate’s Degree in Business or related field5-7 years experienceEnglish and Spanish language fluencyBenefits and pay: This is usually a short section outlining any specific salary and benefits associated with the job. This section may or may not be included in a job description. Benefits are listed far more often in job descriptions than a specific salary, because the benefits can be used as a lure, while a salary number may be either a dealbreaker for potential candidates or might limit the company’s ability to negotiate after a job offer has been made.401(k) matchingSalary commensurate with experienceDental and vision insuranceAbout the company: Company information is especially common when a job is posted in a database or another public forum like a website because the readers may not be familiar with what the company is or does. This is usually a brief statement about the company itself, or its general mission.Giving Hands is a nonprofit company that sends balloon animals to people in need.Cutting Edge Media, LLC is a digital media powerhouse that publishes immersive social media content.Since its founding in 1846, Big Books has shaped public debate by publishing award-winning content about dolphin life and philosophy. How to read between the linesFirst of all, know that a job description isn’t necessarily meant to be taken literally. It’s an ad sent out based on the best estimate of what a job will be and what kind of candidate the company wants to see applying for it. So while it’s absolutely a guideline, nothing is 100% etched in stone. Positions evolve over time, and a stellar candidate with slightly different skills might lead a company to tweak the initial description into something a little different.Job title:  While it seems pretty straightforward, this can sometimes have cl ues about the company and the qualifications you’ll need. For example, in the earlier example of â€Å"Executive Assistant at Fortune 500 Company,† the job title is used to establish the importance of the position (working with executives, so probably not entry-level) and that the company is large and/or prominent.Responsibilities: Again, this is a high-level summary of what the company anticipates for this open job. There may be significantly more (and more specific) duties awaiting the future holder of this job. If you see six rather vague responsibilities and want to know more about what the day-to-day life is like for this role, you can do a little digging online to see if there’s more information available about this particular job at this particular company.If you see a phrase like â€Å"other duties as assigned† or a similar phrase that leaves the job responsibilities open-ended, then that should tell you that the company values flexibility and lik ely has an all-hands-on-deck mentality. That’s a cue for your resume and cover letter package- definitely emphasize your flexibility as an employee and your commitment to getting the job done whatever it takes.Qualifications: If you don’t hit every single bullet point, don’t automatically give up and move on. (Though if you meet, say, 1 qualification bullet point out of 10, this job might be a bit of a stretch.) If you meet most of the job’s requirements, you should still consider applying. You can provide context in your cover letter and resume and emphasize the requirements that you do meet. It may be that the qualifications you’re missing are â€Å"nice to have† instead of â€Å"must have† from the company’s perspective or that your other qualities make up for that one deficit. So don’t let one or two misses discourage you from applying if you’re a good fit otherwise.Benefits and pay: There’s lots of rea ding between the lines here because job descriptions rarely pin down an exact salary or benefits. With phrases like â€Å"commensurate with experience† or â€Å"competitive salary,† the company is basically saying, â€Å"we’ll deal with this later, and be ready to negotiate if we offer you a job.†If you see a request to send your â€Å"salary requirements† along with your resume, that means you’ll have to do some finessing in your application. You can include a salary range in your cover letter. It’s probably wise not to ignore the request altogether- if it was included in the job posting, it’s possible that leaving out the salary requirement would screen your application right out of the running. But you also don’t want to get too specific, because that number could eliminate you as well if it’s too high or too low.About the company: There’s not usually a lot of mystery in this part of a job description. B ut just remember that the company is describing themselves in a very official, public-facing way. If you’re expecting a candid description of what it’s really like to work for this place, or their flaws, well†¦your expectations will not be met.You might also come up against a case where the company isn’t named at all. That can either mean that A) the company is shady; or B) the company is trying to be discreet. If it’s option A and you’re finding a vague, unnamed company advertising jobs on, say, Craigslist, all I can say is†¦think twice. If it’s option B and there’s other information given about the company (it’s a major media company or a top-tier financial company), then it’s possible they just want to avoid either getting a million applications for a single position or don’t want it made public that they’re advertising for someone’s job because he hasn’t been, uh, relieved of his duties yet. Look for context clues about the company if there isn’t a straightforward presentation of X job at Y company.Decoding the buzzwordsEvery field is subject to jargon or clichà ©d phrases, and the art of the job description is no different. Let’s look at some common words and phrases, and what they really tell you.Self-starter/independent worker: This means they’re looking for a person who is ready for a leadership role who doesn’t need a lot of hand-holding. In your application, emphasize your leadership skills or instances where you’ve taken the lead on something.Fast-paced: This job is going to be chaotic and likely subject to deadlines. In your application, demonstrate what you’ve achieved under pressure, or your unwavering commitment to deadlines.Flexible: The company may be looking for someone who’s not afraid to do a bit of scut work as part of their job, or who will be willing to go outside the normal 9-to-5 routine to get the work done. It could signal work-life balance boundary issues, so if you have concerns about this, a little extra research about the job or the company is in order. In your application, emphasize your ability to perform under pressure, or your ability to multitask.Detail-oriented: This company has received one too many applications with blatant typos, and/or the person currently holding this job has made a lot of messy mistakes. In your application, emphasize your organizational skills and your commitment to getting something done efficiently but accurately. And do not skimp on proofreading your resume and cover letter.Communication skills: This shows that the company wants someone publicly presentable, either with customers, clients, or other parts of the company. This is a delicate way of making sure that you can write and speak well and confidently.Growth opportunity: This is likely a low-level or entry-level job and the company might not expect you to commit long-term . That could be a good thing (the last assistant was promoted after six months in the job) or a bad thing (the last assistant got fed up and quit after three months on the job). Definitely mark this as a follow-up item if you get an interview- ask who had previously held the role (generally), and what they’re doing now.Team player: This is not a job for a lone wolf type, who would rather hole up and do the job himself rather than deal with others. In your application, emphasize how you’ve worked with others to achieve goals and, ideally, how you’ve led or inspired others to meet goals as well.So as you can see, there’s no great Rosetta Stone needed to work with the job descriptions that you’ll come across in your job search. And in fact, these postings are more similar than not, so once you learn the basics about what companies are trying to achieve with their limited space in a job ad, you’re ready to go forth and start tailoring your resum e to be the best possible candidate.

UK Economic Indicators Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

UK Economic Indicators - Assignment Example Typically, macroeconomic indicators are divided into several types according to their significance for exchange movements, as it affects the volatility of the market at the time of publication index. The overview of macroeconomic indicators Macroeconomic indicators cover economic development, point to economic growth or decline. Therefore we can say with certainty that the output of major data can lead to significant and lasting movements in exchange rates. These are important data: Nonfarm Payrolls, GDP, Industrial Production, CPI, PPI and other macroeconomic indicators. There is a calendar of economic indicators and the most important events in the life of the individual states (with specific dates or approximate time of their release). These events market is ready. Emerging expectations and forecasts of the value of an indicator can be and how it can be interpreted. The output data can lead to sharp fluctuations in exchange rates. Depending on how market participants apostrophe an d interprets a particular indicator, the rate can go as one and the other side. This movement can lead to a strengthening of an existing trend of course, its correction or the beginning of a new trend. Or that the outcome depends on several factors: market conditions, economic status of the host countries examined rates, preliminary expectations and sentiment, and, finally, the value of a specific indicator. The indicator of average earnings growth is calculated by taking into account earnings growth over the past three months (taking into account all payments that were actually made and not "accrued"). This is a good indicator of future inflation, as rising wages, if it is not offset by productivity growth is the cause of rising prices. Average earnings growth is one of the defining indicators, according to which the Bank of England determines the level of interest rates. This indicator has a significant impact on the market. The indicator of producer output prices (PPI output) is defined as a change in the level of wholesale prices of goods in the industry. It is a strong indicator of inflation that reflects the inflationary pressures on the economy by the manufacturers (the increase of prices in "output" may not affect the inflation index, as it can reduce the costs in the trade). The price of food, alcohol, tobacco and fuel (prices for these products is very variable) are not taken into account. The indicator of producer input prices (PPI input) is defined as the change in the price level for parts and semifinished products in the industry (the rise in prices may not be reflected in the inflation index, as it can reduce the costs in the manufacturing process). The indicator of retail price index determines the change in the price level in the basket of consumer goods. The indicator of inflation is the Retail Prices Index, excluding the interest payments on loans to purchase real estate (RPI-X). The retail price index is calculated by a single formula. If t he growth of rate exceeds the planned value of the index, usually the Bank of England raises interest rates. The indicator of CBI industrial trends overviews (in the form of numbers) the business sentiment of businessmen about the state of the manufacturing sector. The review has no direct connection with the real prospect of economic development. The indicator of CBI distributive trades overviews (in the form of numbers) the business sentiment regarding business trading areas. Review has no direc