Foot Binding In China Essay

Although seemingly incomprehensible for the average Western person today, foot binding was a custom which lasted for more than 1,000 years in China. In fact, foot binding was a particular practice reserved for the elite and was reputedly a sign of social status, hierarchy and wealth. Extreme deformity, by way of bound feet, was practiced for its aesthetic appeal and as a symbol of social status. Starting in about the 10th century A. D. , foot binding gained currency in China and was practiced exclusively among women with an eye to aesthetic beauty. Seeking to address the mysteries behind the foot binding phenomenon and make sense of a custom which seems appears so foreign to the average Western eye, this essay will conduct a thorough analysis of foot binding in China through an exploration of Fred C. Blake’s â€Å"Foot-Binding in Neo-Confucian China and the Appropriation of Female Labor†, published in the scholarly journal Signs in 2009. We will begin with an analysis of the history of foot binding in China, explore the practice of foot binding and explain how it is accomplished, as explained in the article. We will delve into the reasons why foot binding became such a prominent feature in China, conclude with a summary of Blake’s research and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the article. Accordingly, we will analyze the contribution to the field of anthropology. History Foot binding is a practice which is culturally specific and unique to the Asian context. Foot binding gained currency in the 10th century A. D. as an aesthetic characteristic sought after by women in China and is an excellent example of the evolution of conceptions of beauty. In China, the â€Å"lotus foot† was prized among members of all classes as being a standard of beauty to which many women worked hard to obtain. Accordingly, the foot binding custom was an incredibly painful process which required years to obtain and was additionally a painful process as well. Some oral historians relate the tradition of bound feet to the Chinese Prince Li Yu from the Sung dynasty and the gracefulness of his concubine Yao Niang. In fact, according to legend, Yao Niang, although not a woman with bound feet herself, had such small feet and walked so gracefully that her gait was one in which people all across China stove to emulate. Another legend discusses the life of the last Empress of the Shang dynasty, beautiful women who were born with a clubbed foot. Due to the stigma associated with such a disability in the era, this Empress bound her foot to conceal her deformity and instructed her husband to make the bound foot mandatory for all girls. By making a bound foot the norm in the kingdom, she thus made her bound foot beautiful and established an important standard of beauty in China. With Mongol invasions in the thirteenth century, they supported the practice of foot binding, allegedly because it demonstrated the inferiority of women to men and fully entrenched sex segregation and gender hierarchies. Establishing the Yuan dynasty, foot binding became more and more prominent in China and continued for more than 800 years thereafter (Blake 681). Although it may certainly seem usual for the average Westerner today to understand the beauty and desire associated with bound feet in ancient China, this practice is not so dissimilar to corseting, a practice common among the aristocracy of the Western world from the 15th century to the late 19th century. A corset is a garment which is worn to mold the stomach and torso into an incredibly thin shape, with the desired result being an incredibly thin waste. The corset, much like the bound foot, can be incredibly uncomfortable for the wearer and has the potential to result in permanent torso damage and disfigurement. Corset wearing has an important aesthetic in the West – particularly prominent in Victorian era England – and was a sign of refinement, privilege and beauty. The bound foot is similar and we will discuss the process of foot binding below. How was Foot Binding Accomplished? Now that we have established that there are important historical precedents for the practice of foot binding and that while we are unsure of how it came about, we do now know that it was common in China for nearly a millennia. How was the unique practice of foot binding accomplished? An article in the American Journal of Public Health which looked at the physical consequences of bound feet on elderly women succinctly described the process. Beginning at the age of five, â€Å"all but the first toe on each foot were broken and the feet bound with cloth strips that were tightened over the course of 2 years to keep the feet shorter than 10 cm and to bend the sole into extreme concavity. † The process was usually undertaken during the fall or winter so that the foot would be numb to the pain when the toes were broken. Feet were initially soaked – by the mother, an important actor in the process – in warm water and animal blood and herbs and a special potion was applied to the foot. After the toes were broken, bandages were applied around the smallest toes and were affixed tightly to the heel. For the first two years, the binding was removed and reapplied, a painful process, every two days. To ensure that the feet remained deformed and small, this process sometimes continued for ten years (Blake 663). Foot binding was a practice undertaken exclusively by women in Neo-Confucian China and was a tradition passed down from mother to daughter. It represented female submission and dependence on the husband and was an essential attribute of womanhood. The particular enforcement of this practice by women, on younger women and girls is particularly interesting from a sociological perspective. Accordingly: Mothers constantly informed their daughters that binding was necessary in order to find a good family into which to marry. Mothers impressed upon their daughters that the mark of a woman’s attraction resided more in her character as revealed in the bind of her feet than in the face or physique with which nature had endowed her. Her selection in marriage was the task of her prospective mother-in-law, whose criterion for a good daughter-in-law was the discipline that the bound foot represented (Blake 683). When it came to binding, there were certain attributes which were essential to the process. First and foremost, youth was important because foot binding required the physical breaking of the bones of the fee and for the purpose of binding, the optimum age to begin the process was between the ages of five to seven years old. From the standpoint of the female caregiver who was responsible for initiating the binding process of a young girl, the ages of five to seven were ideal for a variety of reasons. From a physical standpoint, a girl between the ages of five to seven had prepubescent bones which were still flexible and optimal for reconfiguration and breaking. From a mental and social maturation standpoint, a girl between the ages of five to seven was able to understand the meaning associated with foot binding, the prestige associated with a bound foot and the desire to one day marry. Accordingly, a girl between the ages of five to seven could appreciate the need and have the discipline to pursue the sometimes incredibly painful process of foot-binding. Disease and infection generally followed a foot bound girl into womanhood and oftentimes toenails curled into the toe and the foot physically died all together (Blake 684-86). Although voluntary and a process undertaken by women themselves, foot binding was an inherent attribute of a patriarchic society and was a custom undertaken in light of the social circumstances of Chinese society. Article Analysis Blake provides an excellent overview of the foot binding phenomenon. His article adequately provides substantive background to foot binding and includes an insightful historical analysis to the trend. An effective case is built utilizing both primary and secondary sources and the author provides meticulous – and sometimes hard to swallow – detail on the foot binding phenomenon. According to Blake, there are many reasons put forth for an incredibly painful and deforming practice, and foot binding is attributed to aesthetic appeal in a society in which tiny feet were conceived of as something erotic. Social status concerns are important and as mentioned above, bound feet were often necessary for a girl to marry. This is largely a result of the patriarchic social structure of China. Bound feet thus signified the dependency of women on men in Chinese society. By disabling her feet, the bound foot was perhaps the most ardent example of entrenched patriarchy in Chinese society. Accordingly, A woman’s dependency on her family was made manifest in her disabled feet. A popular saying was that in her lifetime, a woman leaned on three men, her father, her husband, and her son. But if a woman’s bound feet made her appear weak and vulnerable and thus dependent on men, it also veiled her inner sense of managing those appearances and thus being able to exercise considerable control over herself and those to whom she was attached (Blake 683). Concluding Remarks As a cultural practice which lasted for hundreds of years, foot binding was not all that dissimilar to the use of corsets in order to shrink the torso and waists of women in the Western world. Fred C. Blake’s â€Å"Foot-Binding in Neo-Confucian China and the Appropriation of Female Labor† explains that what sets foot binding apart from other measures was the incredible pain associated with the practice and the permanent deformities caused by this practice. While explanations for foot binding often point towards the beauty and the aesthetics of the practice, foot binding was inherently about female submission and subjugation in Chinese society. Foot binding was about patriarchy and the consequences of foot binding on the health of millions of Chinese women are incredibly grave. Thus, deformities due to foot binding are prevalent among women in China and they include being more prone to falling, less able to rise from a chair and a loss of the ability to squat. Additionally, â€Å"women with bound feet also had somewhat lower femoral neck bone density, perhaps because of limited weight bearing activity. The combination of lower hip bone density and greater risk of falling is likely to increase the risk of hip fractures† (Blake 684). For centuries, foot binding thus resulted in severe lifelong disability for millions of women. Works Cited Blake, C. Fred. â€Å"Foot-Binding in Neo-Confucian China and the Appropriation of Female Labor† Signs 19. 3 (2009): 676-712.

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A Day For The Negro Race Essay - 1356 Words

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Police Officer Training And Law Enforcement - 957 Words

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Apple Revenue Recogonition Free Essays

Apple revenue recognition Apple Inc Revenue Recognition Concepts A. Revenue is gross amount a company received or billed from service provided or units sold, Revenue is earned regardless money come in or not at that particular time. It is assumed revenue is earned, when it is realizable, and earned. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Revenue Recogonition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Revenues are derived from company normal operation. The company exist to sell it is core product or services to the market. Gain rise from non operation activities of the entity. An asset sells can be considered a gain if the company originally depreciated the assets to zero, then sell it. Even know the company used the assets to generate revenue, the assets transaction is a gain, because it is not a core business transaction. The primary function of a business is not to sell the assets for a gain. Any amount of gain from non operation of core business is considered to be a gain. Examples are currency gain, Short term investment gain, and extraordinary gain. B. When a business recognized revenue, it means it has earned the revenue, and it is realizable in that period, which indicated a transaction, or service has occurred. The business did its obligation to bill or accepts money at that period. The business has full expectation it will receive the revenue in the near term depending the billing agreements. The income statement is affected by revenue recognition, also the balance sheet is affected, and all this individuals: Account receivable, Tax payable, COGS, Cash, Unearned revenue. The revenue criteria from FASB concept 5 says: revenue to be recognized on the income statement, revenue must be realized, or realizable and earned. C Yes, they do align with FASB standards; Apple recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of transfer ownership arrangement exists. 1. Entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods; 2. Entity retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold 3. The amount of revenue can be measured reliably; 4. It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity. D The multiple element contract is referring to the embedded unspecified upgrade right that the company might be obligated to provide. It is difficult to put a monetary value, because the company has to estimate the cost of upgrade, and once they estimate the cost, the company must set deferred revenue by subtracting it from original sales. The new rules allowed the company to estimate as low as possible because the upgrade costs are not that significant to swing the income statement. E Compensation metric could be aligned with revenue growth. F ITunes songs sold online on net basis, and recognized when transaction occurred Mac-branded accessories are recognized when billed, if it sold online apple waits until customers receive the items, because apple is liable until delivery. IPod sold to third party reseller in India is recognized when apple billed the third party. G Apple recognized the amount it billed it‘s customers, apple takes inventory risks, therefore it recognized the gross amount it billed, if it sold online from another company, apple only recognized net sales. H 50 Mac * 2800 = 140,000 Unit price 2,500 Software + 2 years service =300 Apple will recognize the whole gross sale 140,000 as revenue for 2010. Because apple took the inventory risk, Apple will bill the community college the 140,000, and recognized the same amount as the revenue. I Account receivable |Dr. |Cr. | |Sep 26,2009 $3361 | | | |$2149 | |Sep, 25,2010 $5510 | | Deferred Revenue |Dr. Cr | |Sep,25,2009 $2906 | | | |$1217 | |Sep,26,2010 $4123 | | Net sale |Dr. |Cr. | |Sep, 26, 2009 $42,905 | | | |$22,320 | |Sep, 26,2010 $65,225 | | IJournal Entry Unearned revenue2053 Sale Revenue2053 Deferred Revenue |Dr. Cr | |Sep,25,2010 $2053 |Sep,26,2009 $2053 | | | | |Sep,26,2010 |0 | Sale Revenue |Dr. |Cr | |Sep,25,2010 |$2053 | | | | |Sep,26,2010 |$2053 II Journal entry Cash21,225 Account receivable 44,000 Sale Revenue65,225 Unearned Revenue |Dr. |Cr | |Sep,25,2010 $2903 |Sep,26,2009 $2903 | | | | |Sep,26,2010 |$0 | Sale Revenue |Dr. Cr | | |Sep,25,2010 $2903 | | | | | |$62,322 | |Sep,26,2010 | | | |$65,22 5 | III Journal Entry Cash44,000 Account Receivable44,000 Analysis J I under the old model revenue was deferred and recognized each year on straight line basis over its economic life of the product, but under the new model Apple is able to take significant portion of the sale at the time of transaction. IIProspective can only apply to future while retrospective can apply to the past transactions. Apple elected to use retrospective. K Iincreased its net income IIBalance sheet and Cash Flow statement (operation). IIImproved gross margin LMost of the cost good already occurred before apple was able to recognized revenue. Therefore, Apple must adjust individual account to match its expense, and revenue. MIncreased operation cash flow NAccounting rules, and procedures might be preventing unfair reporting, but it has a major flaws. One of the flows is accounting doesn’t adapt quickly to economic condition. Accounting numbers doesn’t really reflect the true value of a company. Account is lagging indicator. One industry can benefits from particular accounting procedure, and rules, but it can also hurt another industry by not reflecting true economic value. We will like to report to our shareholders actual reflection of our operation, but accounting procedures doesn’t allow us to communicate the actual result. How to cite Apple Revenue Recogonition, Essay examples

Persuasive Decision Support Systems for Self Care†Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Persuasive Decision Support Systems for Self-Care. Answer: Introduction Health Behavior Change Support Systems (HBCSSs) refers to socio-technical information systems designed to perform or change the behavioral or psychological systems of an individual such as attitude or behavior. This implies that the system has been developed with the intention to influence the users behavior. Persuasive decision support system aims at influencing or changing behavior and attitude of patients using socio-technical tool HBCSSs. Persuasive decision support systems for self-care. Self-care is another important part of patient health care. There are many kinds of literature that explain various aspects of persuasive decision support system that enable patients especially chronic disease patients take behavioral and attitude change. Some of the fundamental aspects of persuasive decision support system are attitude, compliance, behavior and patient education. The main focus of this paper is to provide literature on persuasive decision support system for self-care patients. Review process Persuasive decision support system is the tool that is used to involve patients in decision making through persuasion. Persuasive component of the system plays an important role in the development, design, and implementation. Users of the system need to be part of the development of the system according to Bensley et al (2010, pp 206213). Moreover, as Harjumaa, Segersthl and Oinas-Kukkonen (2009, vol. 350), explains patients with chronic diseases need to be part of the development as the main stakeholders as this also help in decision making. According to Davis (2010, pp 262273), the three aspects of the persuasive in health are attitude, compliance and behavior. These three aspects of persuasive decision support system are key determinants of self-care of most patients. Similarly, Risnen and Lehto (2010, pp 185192) highlight engagement and involvement as the key most important component of the persuasive decision support system that facilitates game intervention. Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa (2008a, pp 164176), conclude the persuasive decision support context of HBCSSs by indicating that persuasive decision support system highly influences behavior patients towards self-care. Another part of persuasive decision support system that is also part of HBCSSs is the implementation of the system. Involvement of patients in implementation process play role in evaluating the adoption of HBCSSs in self-care. Results, critical analysis of literature The result of the literature review reveals some key factors that are considered in the implementation of the HBCSSs. Persuasive decision support tool is mostly patient support tool that looks into personal traits such as attitude, behavior, and compliance. Several examinations of literature further reveal the various interrelated factors affecting adoption and usage of HBCSSs. Another important aspect of the persuasive decision support system is the implementation of the HBCSSs. Gamified health BCSSs forms an important facet that monitors lifestyle that forms part of HBCSSs. Gamified health strategy remains a crucial aspect of behavior change system since it is one of the factors that are considered when designing the system. Another factor that is used in Gamified health BCSSs is the study of outcomes of the behavior change. Attitude Attitude as an aspect of HBCSSs forms the basis of implementation of HBCSSs in the health system. According to Bensley et al (2010, pp113), the attitude of the client on the usefulness of the system is part of the decision on the usage or implementation of HBCSSs. The attitude is also cited by Bensley et al (2004, pp113), may also determine the success of HBCSSs given that persuasions target the change of attitude in the positive adoption of the system. Attitude is also connected to the patients perspective on adoption and implementation of HBCSSs. Moreover, attitude also forms part of the personal care that is able to increase patients view and their ability to embrace self-care system. Lehto and Oinas-Kukkonen (2010, pp 62173) shows that attitude is also indicated by the clients perspective on the system. Persuasive decision support system normally considers patients perspective on the usage of the HBCSSs. The perspective of a persuasive system according to Bates (2000, pp 788791), is to measure an individual body physical activities and medication. A study on the personal experience on the use of HBCSSs indicates that patients with the HBCSSs system do good during medication as compared to those patients that use other medication monitoring methods. Miller (2002, pp 316) shows that the success of the HBCSSs system also depends on the patients voluntariness to use HBCSSs. This implies that patient should also volunteer to implement the system. Another study by Bates (2000, pp 788791), shows that persuasive HBCSSs works best with mobile tools that assist in the decision of medication. Getting views of patients on their ability to use mobile devices in using HBCSSs play role in compliance with HBCSSs. This further indicates that current increase in mobile technology users is also accompanied with many online users. Mobile devices currently form part of life as many patients possess the device making it convenient for use in daily life. Making the mobile technology part of HBCSSs is ideal for use and monitoring of physical health especially for those patients with chronic disease. Behaviour Behaviour is another critical aspect of the development of HBCSSs. The behavior change support system is an important persuasive support system that enables patient to have a healthy health system. According to Kraft, Drozd and Olsen (2009, 24), HBCSSs is a multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary system that uses many skills from various fields coherently to assist the patient has proper self-health care. O'donoghue and Herbert (2012, pp 5) indicate that the incorporation of persuasive coaching system is projecting high societal impact on individual patients. In addition, the BCSSs enable coaching of patients toward better self-care and life. For instance, a good persuasive system involves the use of social, technical and health system from a system that monitors physical, health and behavioral activities in the body of patients. Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa (2009, pp 485500) also confirms the multidisciplinary nature of the HBCSSs that enable a persuasive decision on the usage of the system. Strecher (2007, pp 5376), conclude the multidisciplinary approach for this persuasive decision support system influences indicating some disciplines that are used in the decision. Compliance According to Midden and Ham (2009), self-reminders is another valuable feature of the HBCSSs persuasive system. In the monitoring and self-care, medication plays an important role in ensuring that proper and timely medication is possible. In dealing with chronic disease self-care best work with a reminder and this work when patient is under medication. Compliance work in hand with the attitude of the patient as those patients with a positive attitude has shown full compliance with the implementation of the system. In addition, Lehto and Oinas-Kukkonen (2010, pp 62173) shows that compliance often associated with positive feedback and this play an important role in the evaluation of the whole system in decision making. However, Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa (2008a, pp 164176) cites a different view on the compliance as recopies for persuasive decision support system. The author indicates that compliance come at the end of the implementation of the system and therefore should not be used for development of HBCSSs. O'donoghue, and Herbert (2012) conclude the compliance by indicating that compliance is the backbone for persuasive decision making since it enables the developers to determine the attitude of clients on self-care. Patient education Patient education according to Lehto and Oinas-Kukkonen (2009, pp 316327), is another aspect of persuasive decision support system that helps in usage. Educating patients on the usage and importance of HBCSSs to patients especially in monitoring health has proved critical. Moreover, patients education work in hand with various context such as feedback as customer view also play role in improvement of the system. Patient education is also part of client involvement in decision-making process since when educating patients they are able to bring on board patients view on the HBCSSs (Bish, Sutton Golombok 2000, pp 3550). Discussion HBCSSs remain an important persuasive health monitoring system especially on self-care with many kinds of literature revealing various aspects of the system. As cited by Oinas-Kukkonen (2010 pp 2627), HBCSSs being incorporated with mobile monitoring unit is currently embraced by many users for its main persuasive aspect. The literature further revealed that notification or reminder facet is also important for medication of patients with chronic disease. The study critically explains the position that cares givers or practitioners have in the in the usage of HBCSSs. The remainder aspect of the HBCSSs also concurs with the uses of the mobile platform in persuasive medical HBCSSs. The two main features of the HBCSSs makes the system to works at personal level since the mobile platform and application of the system is overwhelming used for notifying the patient in correct medication. Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa (2008b, pp 200205), also agree with the ideas of usage of the mobile platform with the main rating of HBCSSs that currently can be seen in health throughout Australia and globally. The study Davis (2010, pp 262273) conclude that use of a mobile application that is developed from the system can be useful in everyday life of chronic disease patients such as diabetes patients. Persuasive decision support system as the context of HBCSSs is critical for adoption and implementation. As highlighted by Bish and Golombok (2000, pp 3550), there are three main components of HBCSSs that assist in persuasive decision support hence aid in patient self-care. These three components are attitude, compliance, behavior, and patient. This does not contradict a similar study by Risnen and Lehto 2010, pp 185192) that indicate user experience is another part of the system that exhibits advantages of HBCSSs. Attitude is an essential recipe for behavioral change that triggers patient to adopt and use the technology in monitoring their health and behavior. During self-care attitude determines the effectiveness of the care and is important in deciding on the HBCSSs strategy. Compliance is another aspect of the persuasive decision support system that facilitates the implementation and usage of HBCSSs. Some of the behavior changes target personal lifestyle habits such as physical a ctivities, health habits, and self-care. Changing these behaviors is monitored through monitoring data on mood, individual behaviors thereby sending feedback to patients for the areas that need some improvement. Modern technologies such as mobile phone technologies are some example of technologies that are used in the monitoring of the data on health. This data are used to persuade the patient on behavior change. Mobile technologies help and form part of client education that is used for influencing patient behavioral changes since it helps reminding and notification of patient. Persuasive decision support system also works with a focus on the involvement of patients in the implementation of HBCSSs in monitoring their health for facilitating self-care. The measure of the level of behavior change, attitude or compliance is depicted with the ability of the patient to fully implement the HBCSSs. In addition, implementation of the HBCSSs also is connected to the evaluation of the HBCSSs and the patients self-care involvement. The evaluation is an important step of the patient's response to the whole system, therefore, evaluation is done after implementation of HBCSSs. Self-care has been made easy with the implementation of mobile enabled HBCSSs and this determines the effectiveness of the persuasive decision support system in HBCSSs. Midden and Ham (2009, vol 35), when commenting on steps for adoption and usage of HBCSSs indicate that implementation is as important as development and should highly consider persuasive decision support system. Conclusion In conclusion, the persuasive decision support system is a critical step of the design, adoption, and usage of HBCSSs. This is based on the involvement of the patient in decision making when there is the development of HBCSSs. Some components of persuasive decision support system are attitude, behavior, compliance and patient education. At the final stage of the adoption and usage of HBCSSs is the implementation that should also be predetermined by the developers by involving patients. HBCSSs through persuasive decision support system help in self-care of patients especially those with chronic disease. One tool that has highly help in persuasive decision support system more so at the implementation stage is mobile technologies. Mobile technologies are close to patients hence good in determining the usability of patient persuasive decision support system. References Bensley RJ, et al 2004, The eHealth behavior management model: a stage-based approach to behavior change and management. Prev Chronic Dis Pub Health Res Pract Pol vol.1, no.4, pp113 Bensley RJ, et al 2010, Key principles in Internet-based weight management systems. American Journal of Health Behav vol.34, no.2, pp 206213 Bates DW, 2000, Using information technology to reduce rates of medication errors in hospitals. 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Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, pp 316 Donoghue, J Herbert, J, 2012, Data management within mHealth environments: Patient sensors, mobile devices, and databases. Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ), vol.4, no.1, pp 5. Oinas-Kukkonen H, Harjumaa M, 2009, Persuasive systems design: key issues, process model, and system features. Commun Assoc Inf Syst 2, Article 28: pp 485500 Oinas-Kukkonen H, 2010 Discipline of information systems: a natural strategic alliance for web science. In: Proceedings of the second international on web science conference (WebSci 10), Raleigh, NC, USA, pp 2627 Apr 2010 Oinas-Kukkonen H, Harjumaa M, 2008a, A systematic framework for designing and evaluating persuasive systems. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5033. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 164176 Oinas-Kukkonen H, Harjumaa M, 2008b, Towards a deeper understanding of persuasion in software and information systems. In: The first international conference on advances in human-computer interaction (ACHI2008), Sainte Luce, Martinique, 1015 Feb 2008, ISBN 978-0-7695-3086-4, pp 200205, Best Paper Award Risnen T, Lehto T, 2010, Practical findings from applying the PSD model for evaluating software design specifications. Lecture notes in computer science, persuasive, vol 6137. Springer, pp 185192 Strecher V, 2007, Internet methods for delivering behavioral and health-related interventions (eHealth). Annu Rev Clin Psychol 3:5376

The Great Gatsby Essays (2434 words) - The Great Gatsby,

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby Dreams The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about the American Dream. In the Great Gatsby, the dream is that one can acquire happiness through wealth and power. To get his happiness Jay attempts to reacquire the love of his lost sweet heart, Daisy. The main problem with Jays dream is that Daisy is all ready married. Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream The pursuit of happiness. Jay Gatsby longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes his adult life trying to recapture it and dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with a young rich girl, Daisy. Daisy and Jay had fallen in love with each other in spite of knowing that they could not marry because of the difference in their social status. For the first time in Jays life he was truly happy. During their courtship, Jay was sent off to war. Upon returning from the war, Jay found out that Daisy had married a wealthy man by the name of Tom Buchannon. Jay then spends his life acquiring wealth to reach her economic standards, in hope that he can marry her and rekindle the happiness that he once had. His love for Daisy was impossible in society because he was at present a penniless young man without a pasthe had no comfortable family standing behind him (156). Gatsby encounters his dream of love at this point of his life. He knew that at that time a relationship of love was impossible with Daisy due to his low social standing. Gatsby became determined to breach that gap between them in order to have a loving relationship with Daisy. He did reach the physical circumstances necessary to love her, but he had focused too much on money and power the previous five years of his life. He wanted his love with Daisy to flourish. Unfortunately, he had lost the ability to love. He no longer possessed moral integrity or the ability to handle a relationship. Society is often broken up into different social groups by their economic status. Those of lower classes believe that their problems will go away if they can gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. Many people believe that the American Dream is this joining of the upper class, and once reaching that point, not having to be concerned about money at all. The logic behind this is that being poor keeps people from being happy, and once you become rich, you do not have to struggle with the problems of life, and can therefore be happy. The Great Gatsby takes this belief, and shows its flaws through the lives of Jay, Tom and Daisy. In fact, all of the characters in the story are affected in some way by the lives of these three characters. Gatsby makes becoming an upper class citizen his priority. The life of the upper class in turn, makes the acquisition of wealth their priority. Wealth becomes Jays vehicle in his quest for his primary goal, Daisy. In Gatsby's rise to power morality is sacrificed in order to attain wealth. While the story does not go into great detail as to how Gatsbys wealth was accumulated, it can easily be seen that his business ventures were shady at best. Gatsby's dream was doomed to failure because of his lack of principles. This shows a major flaw of the American Dream philosophy, just like the get rich quick schemes of today, Jay is trying to buy Daisys love, not earn it. Nick attempts to tell Jay that his dream is pointless by saying that the past cannot be relived. Jay quickly told Nick, Yes you can, old sport. This shows the confidence that Jay has in fulfilling his American Dream, and his commitment to it. Tom Buchanan, Daisys husband, was a man from an enormously wealthy family. Nick, described Tom's physical attributes as having a hard mouth and a supercilious mannerarrogant eyes had established dominance over his facealways leaning aggressively forwarda cruel bodyhis speaking voiceadded to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed (11). The wealth Tom has inherited causes him to become arrogant and condescending to others. Tom believed that he